CHANGSHOU-HU (LAKE CHANGSHOU)

A view on the lakeshore

Photo.
Photo: Sichuan Environmental Protection Committee


A. LOCATION

  • Sichuan Province, P.R. China.
  • 29:56-30:12N, 107:12-107:24E; 338.15 m above sea level.


B. DESCRIPTION

    Changshou-hu (Lake Changshou) is a man-made lake with another name Shizitun (Lion Beach) Reservoir. For generating electric power, four hydraulic power stations were built after damming in the 1950's. Since then a state farm was set up for fishery and horticulture as well as animal husbandry. The irrigation area amounts to 24,800 hectares (Q).

C. PHYSICAL DIMENSIONS (Q)

    Surface area [km2] 60
    Volume [km3] 0.745
    Maximum depth [m] 34
    Catchment area [km2] 3,020

D. PHYSIOGRAPHIC FEATURES

D1 GEOGRAPHICAL
  • Sketch map: Fig. ASI-50-01.
  • Names of main islands: Rentoushan, Anzizhai and Guofenzhai.
  • Number of outflowing rivers and channels (name): 1 (Longxi R.).

    Fig. ASI-50-01
    Sketch map of the lake (Q).

D2 CLIMATIC
  • Climatic data at Yuanjiaping, 1962-1980
    Mean temp. [deg C]
    Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Ann.
    6.7 8.3 12.8 17.7 21.5 24.3 28.2 28.2 23.3 18.2 13.1 8.6 17.6
    Precipitation [mm]
    Dec-Jan-Feb Mar-Apr-May Jun-Jul-Aug Sep-Oct-Nov Ann.
    67 362 436 332 1198
  • Number of hours of bright sunshine: 1,190 hr yr-1.
  • Water temperature [deg C]
    Dam, 1965-1977
    Depth [m] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec
    S*1 11.8 11.1 14.1 19.3 24.1 26.6 30.7 31.4 27.2 22.9 19.4 15.1
    10 12.1 10.7 11.5 13.4 17.4 21.2 24.5 26.4 25.7 22.8 19.4 15.3
    20 12.0 10.4 10.8 12.1 13.1 16.2 19.1 20.9 21.9 21.1 19.3 15.3
    B*2 11.8 10.3 10.6 10.4 12.4 12.8 14.0 14.5 14.2 14.4 14.3 14.2
    *1 Surface. *2 Bottom.
  • Freezing period: None.

E. LAKE WATER QUALITY

E1 TRANSPARENCY [m]
    Power Plant, November-December 1981
    Depth [m] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov-Dec

    		 - - - - - - - - - - 2.10
E2 pH
    Power Plant, November-December 1981
    Depth [m] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov-Dec
    S* - - - - - - - - - - 8.12
    * Surface.
E3 SS [mg l-1]
    Power Plant, November-December 1981
    Depth [m] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov-Dec
    S* - - - - - - - - - - 1.9
    * Surface.
E4 DO [mg l-1]
    Power Plant, November-December 1981
    Depth [m] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov-Dec
    S* - - - - - - - - - - 6.75
    * Surface.
E5 COD [mg l-1]
    Determined by KMnO4 method.
    Power Plant, November-December 1981
    Depth [m] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov-Dec
    S* - - - - - - - - - - 2.8
    * Surface.
E7 NITROGEN CONCENTRATION
  • NO3-N [mg l-1]
    Power Plant, November-December 1981
    Depth [m] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov-Dec
    S* - - - - - - - - - - 0.97
    * Surface.
  • NO2-N [mg l-1]
    Power Plant, November-December 1981
    Depth [m] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov-Dec
    S - - - - - - - - - - 0.015
  • NH4-N [mg l-1]
    Power Plant, November-December 1981
    Depth [m] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov-Dec
    S - - - - - - - - - - 0.01
E8 PHOSPHORUS CONCENTRATION
  • Total-P [mg l-1]
    Power Plant, November-December 1981
    Depth [m] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov-Dec
    S* - - - - - - - - - - 0.001
    * Surface.
  • Supplementary notes
    The difference of eight indices between surface and bottom water in December 1981.
    Flow direction ->
    Shidapo Suhanghekai Zhuzitan Sugur Refiring Power Plant
    Conductivity [us l-1 cm-1] S*1 335 260 270 275 275
    B*2 344 259 292
    SS [mg l-1] S 4.1 309 4.3 2.5 1.7
    B 3.3 4.4 9.2
    Total hardness [deg C] S 7.8 6.3 6.5 6.6 6.8
    B 8.2 6.3 8.1
    Chromaticity [degree] S 25 10 13 13 10
    B 30 15 15.5
    NH4-N [mg l-1] S 0.75 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.01
    B 0.94 0.05 0.12
    NO2-N [mg l-1] S 0.21 0.03 0.01 0.005 0.014
    B 0.24 0.04 0.04
    NO3-N [mg l-1] S 0.96 0.54 0.92 0.94 0.92
    B 0.84 0.70 0.70
    COD [mg l-1] S 3.9 2.8 2.8 2.8 2.8
    B 4.2 3.0 2.9
    *1 Surface. *2 Bottom.

F. BIOLOGICAL FEATURES (Q)

    1958-1978
F1 FLORA
  • Phytoplankton
    Chrysophyta (Dinobryon), Xanolhonema (Tribonema), Pyrrophyta (Cryptomonas, Peridinium, Chroomonas, Ceratium), Euglenophyta (Euglena, Phacus), Chlorophyta (Chlamydomonas, Tetraedron, Ankistrodesmus, Crucigenia, Scenedesmus, Eudorina, Cosmarium, Staurastrum, Pediastrum, Treubaria, Chlorella, Coelastrum), Cyanophyta (Dactyloroccopsis, Anabaenopsis, Chroococcus), Bacillariophyta (Cyclotella, Synedra, Navicula, Melosira).
F2 FAUNA
  • Zooplankton
    Protozoa (Cucurbitella, Difflugia, Centropyxis, Pseudodifflugia, Actinosphaerium, Acanthocystis, Askenasia, Vorticella, Bursella, Paradileptus, Strombidium, Strobilidium, Tintinnidium, Tintinnopsis, Carchesium), Rotatoria (Brachionus, Asplanchna, Lecana, Pompholyn, Filinia, Trichocerca, Diurella, Polyarthra, Pedulia), Cladocera (Diaphanosoma, Bosmina, Daphnia, Bosminopsis), Copepoda (Eodlaptomus, Neodiaptomus, Mesocyclops, Thermocyclops, Canthocunmptus).
  • fish
    Cyprinus carpio, Carassius auratus, Procypris rabaudi, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix*, Aristichthys nobilis*, Mylopharyngodon idella, Ctenopharyngodon idella*, Squaliobarbus curricalus, Ochetobius elongatus, Opsariichthys uncirostris, Luciobrama macrocepriulus, Xenocypris argentea, Acanthobrama simoni, Burbodes sinensis, Varicorhinus augustistematus, Sinilabeo cendahlis, Parabramis pekinensis, Megalobrama terminalis, M. ambeyoephala, Erythroculter ileshueformis, Ancherythro culter, Culter erythropterus, Hemiculter leucisculus, H. nigromarginis, Hemibarbus maculatus, Pseudorasbora parva, Phodeus sinensis, Acheilognathus sp., Cobitis taenia, Misgurnus unguillicaudatus, Nemachilus sp., Leptobeliae longata, Sinogastromyzon seechuanensis, Hemimyzos sinensis, Parasilurus asotus, Hemibagrus macropterus, Pseudobagrus sp., Rhinogobius giurinur, Macropodus clinensis, M. operoularis, Monopterus albas, Oryzias latipes, Gambusia affinis.
    * Economically important.
F5 FISHERY PRODUCTS
  • Annual fish catch [metric tons]
    1980: 47.
F6 PAST TRENDS
    During the early period from 1956 to 1961, Hemiculter was the dominant species of fish in the reservoir. Its annual production got to 30-35 tons. Since 1962, more and more fries of Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Aristichthys nobilis and Ctenopharygodon idella have been put into it. Hypophthalmichthys molitrix and Aristichthys nobilis have become the dominant species replacing Hemiculter since 1964.

H. LAKE UTILIZATION

H1 LAKE UTILIZATION
    Source of water, navigation and transportation, and fisheries.

I. DETERIORATION OF LAKE ENVIRONMENTS AND HAZARDS

I2 TOXIC CONTAMINATION
  • Present status: Detected but not serious.
  • Main contaminants, their concentration and sources
    Power Plant, Nov.-Dec. 1981
    Name of contaminants Range of concentration Water [ppm]
    BHC 0.53
    Hg 0.0003
    Cr 0.008
    Zn 0.04
    Pb 0.020
    Cd 0.002

M. LEGISLATIVE AND INSTITUTIONAL MEASURES FOR UPGRADING LAKE ENVIRONMENTS (Q)

M2 INSTITUTIONAL MEASURES
  1. Chegdu Survey & Design Institute for Water Resources & Electric Power Ministry
  2. Sichuan Survey & Design Institute for Water Resources & Electric Power
  3. Zhongqing Monitoring Station for Environmental Protection
  4. Lake Changshou Fishery
  5. Hydraulic Power Plant of Lake Changshou
M3 RESEARCH INSTITUTES ENGAGED IN THE LAKE ENVIRONMENT STUDIES
  1. Chengdu University of Science & Technology
  2. Zhongqing Research Institute for Environmental Protection
  3. Sichuan Research Institute for Environmental Protection

N. SOURCES OF DATA

  1. Questionnaire filled by Sichuan Environmental Protection Committee, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.